Civil Rights And Social Integration Of African Americans

During the 20th century there were numerous riots, protests, and boycotts fighting for the equality and social integration of African-Americans. Some of the stories of individuals endeavoring for their freedom have gone down in history—resulting in laws being altered, regulations being revised, and unimaginable boundaries being broken. Sadly, in order to establish justice in this world, violence and death usually occur due to conflicting ideals. In Southern Los Angeles, even after African-Americans were issued their â€Å"Civil Rights,† underlying racism constructed barriers such as â€Å"racial restrictive covenants† that ensured that blacks were still not welcome there. The two biggest social disturbances that have taken place in the West have taken place in Los Angeles—where unemployment, overcrowding, poverty, and segregation have become increasingly prevalent. The first of these social disturbances is the Rodney King riot of 1992 and the second is the Watts riot of 1965. The racial bigotry, which was backed by the racial restrictive covenants and racial discrimination of LAPD throughout Southern Los Angeles; as well as the events that sparked the Rodney King riot and the Watts riot; clearly illustrate the racial segregation and the overall struggle that African-Americans faced during the 20th century. Between 1910 and 1920 in what is commonly known as the Great Migration among 300,000 and 1,000,000 African-Americans made their way toward northern cities to try and escape theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Nonviolence or Violence: Which Was More Effective?1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement brought many accomplishments to African Americans such as the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. The key issues that African Americans fought for were voting rights, integration and racial equality. They were tired of the discrimination and humiliation they received as a result of the segregation laws imposed on them. â€Å"State laws mandated racial separation in schools, parks, playgrounds, restaurants, hotels, public transportationRead More The Little Rock Nine Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesnine African American students were chosen to desegregate Central High in Little Rock. How did the Little Rock Nine affect America? Sanford Wexler stated in The Civil Rights Movement: An Eyewitness History,† its â€Å"effect would ripple across the nation and influence the growing Civil Rights Movement;† in addition, the Little Rock crisis forced the federal government to come down on state government in order to protect the rights of African Americans. In September 1957, nine African American highRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech1508 Words   |  7 PagesThis gained the support of thousands African-American people and not only from the ones who participated in the event. It also gained support of prominent colored members of the community. Martin Luther King Junior, a Baptist minister in Montgomery, emerged as a prominent figure for this movement. King helped to found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a civil rights organization that founght to end racial segregation in the south (History-Civil Rights Movement). In August of nineteen-sixty-threeRead MoreAfrican Americans During World War I1579 Words   |  7 PagesMany African Americans had moved north during the Great Migration to escape conditions in the south, but found that discrimination was still prevalent in northern cities. African Americans not only had difficulties finding jobs, but still felt the stigma of being black. Living within the time of legal discrimi nation, many African Americans soon realized that though they may have escaped the violence of the south, they still had to deal with the challenges and setbacks of being black in America. TheRead MoreMastering The Art Of Subtle Racism1732 Words   |  7 Pagesprofound history in regards to racism and civil rights. As racial relations grew and evolved, the south became notorious for lagging behind the progressive movements seemingly led by the north. The south is wrought with historical locations pivotal to the Civil Rights struggle therefore the south is highlighted and portrayed as the impeding figure to racial equality. Contrary to popular belief, the north was not a progressive leader during the civil rights movement, but instead northern racism residedRead MoreEssay about The Battle of Ole Miss1600 Words   |  7 PagesBATTLE OF OLE MISS AS IT RELATES TO THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AND AMERICAN HISTORY A TERM PAPER SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR K.R.V. HENINGBURG DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY MONA SALIMI SACRAMENTO, CA 19 APRIL 2010 James Meredith’s successful campaign to gain admission to the Univeristy of Mississippi, ‘Ole Miss’, and desegregate education in the state most resistant to integration of educational institutions, has become a crucial episode in civil rights history. Ole Miss transformed MississippiRead MoreEssay on Martin Luther Kings Successful Philosophy1019 Words   |  5 Pagescountry that had practiced slavery. African Americans didn’t gain their freedom until after the Civil War, nearly one-hundred years later. Even though African Americans were freed and the constitution was amended to guarantee racial equality, they were still not treated the same as whites and were thought of as second class citizens. One man had the right idea on how to change America, Martin Luther King Jr. had the best philosophy for advancing civil rights, he preached nonviolence to expressRead MoreThe Achievement And Progression Of African Americans1454 Words   |  6 Pageswomen, im migrants, and indigenous people an equal and equitable access to the civil rights and liberties bestowed upon other citizens of this country. This sentiment rings especially true, as it relates to education, as these groups have all been disadvantaged and disenfranchised at different points in American history. The disservice that the United States has constructed against the success and progression of African-Americans, should be more duly noted, as they are the diversity group the most in needRead MoreGil Scott Heron Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagesforty years ago, however, rap music focused on an entirely different subject matter. During the 1970s, African Americans sung rap songs to express the need for Black empowerment in society; though their form of singing was not called rapping back then, it was called spoken word poetry, a form of song in which verses of poetry were performed with a fixed beat before an audience. African Americans used this style of singing to express the discontent with the economics and politics during the 1970s.Read MoreSegregation vs. Integration1387 Words   |  6 PagesSegregation vs. Integration One of the most significant issues which the United States has dealt with for decades is the issue of racial segregation. In a post-Civil Rights era, there is a common tendency to assume that racism is no longer a pressing social concern in America due to the gradual erosion of whiteness. During the late 1800s and much of the 1900s, segregation had been a controversial and divisive issue throughout the country. This issue stemmed from the separation of African Americans and whites

Language as a Highway Free Essays

There are about five thousand languages throughout the world now, and that doesn’t even include the hand languages. As a matter of fact, Languages are the most powerful inventions ever. Languages are important highways that allow people to communicate within the world of different nations and cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Language as a Highway or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without language we wouldn’t be able to communicate with one another and spread ideas. Languages are highways that connect the past and the present. Without language there would be no way that we would ever have known what happened in the past. â€Å"Language is a highway linking all peoples and all ages. Mama was wrong to use language as a wall. † Sometimes language can be a wall that breaks the connection between the people. In contract, Many foreign use their lack of language skills as an excuse to wrap themselves up, refusing to communicate with other people. There are positive and negative sides in language, and it depends on how well you using it. It’s really important and useful for people to use language as a highway. Undoubtedly, language is the foundation of communication, and communicating is an inseparable part of our lives. We always share our feelings and emotions through the highway of language. Can you imagine if no one in the entire world understands you, you could only talk to yourself, and all you could hear was your own voice? In addition to expressing emotions, it’s also requisite for our everyday study. We wouldn’t be able to express our ideas and thoughts without language, and we wouldn’t be able to learn. We should all use it as a convenient highway instead of a wall. There is a saying, â€Å"High thoughts must have high language. † In fact, I’m totally agreed with that. No matter how intelligent you are, without the language you wouldn’t be able to express any of your ideas. Furthermore, language is a window to our heart which could send our feelings out. Let the language be a highway for you, instead of a wall. How to cite Language as a Highway, Essay examples

Behavior And Attitudes At Workplace Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Behavior And Attitudes At Workplace. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the following paper is to focus on the various aspects in the workplace that are concerned with behavior and attitudes. These things are very important for a newer outlook in the organizational excellence. The employees have to keep their decorum in the workplace and they must be showing their best attitudes at the workplace since it is very important to impress the higher authorities to improve their positions. The employees must feel aligned with the culture of the organization and their attitudes should represent the same. The employee attitudes reflect the image of the organization itself (Alvesson 2012). The attitudes of the employees are very significance since it is the mirror image of the sincerity and graveness of the employees. The question of job satisfaction is an important thing because an employee will not be able to survive in an organization where he cannot feel safe or comfortable. Every organization has some missions and goals and the employees must b e feeling committed to fulfill them. This organizational commitment has to be measured in this aspect as well (Mowday, Porter and Steers 2013). Organizational commitment Organizational commitment means the emotional and psychological attachment of the employee to his or her organization (Ycel 2012). Generally, there are three types of organizational commitment that exists in the modern business environment. These three types of organizational commitment are affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. Affective commitment Affective commitment means the kind of emotional attachment to the organization and the deep desire that the employee shows to stay in that particular organization for a long time. The employees who have a good rate of emotional attachment with the organization have a good affective commitment (Ghosh, Reio and Haynes 2012). Continuance commitment The continuance commitment is the factor for which the employees of the organizations feel that they should not be leaving the organization and if they do so, that will be very problematic and costly for them (Meyer et al. 2012). The employees might even find that the particular employee might face long term unemployment because of that step. Normative commitment According to the normative commitment, the employees feel that he should stay in that organization for that time because perhaps it is the best thing to do at that moment (Eslami and Gharakhani 2012). Job satisfaction Job satisfaction is one certain thing that the employees search for when they begin to work for an organization (Wong and Laschinger 2013). On the reverse, it is the duty of the organizations to ensure the employee satisfaction. Also, another important thing for the organizations is to focus on employee retention. The organizations have to provide the employees with proper satisfaction so that they will be looking to stay in the organization for a longer period of time. The human resource managers should make sure that the employees are taken care of and they are well paid as per their qualification and experience. There are several factors that are responsible for the job satisfaction of the employees. One of them is to show the proper respect to the employees by the management. The management also has to keep the trust and faith on the employees that will cater to the mental comfort of the employees and then only the employees will feel to deliver their best efforts for the organiz ation. The job security of the employees must be ensured and the managers have to create a safe working environment. The employees should not be embarrassed or harassed at the workplace by their colleagues or their seniors (Anitha 2014). The employee should feel that they should have a broad career path from their current employment position. The employees must feel that they are given the proper benefits and wages at the beginning of the month. Employee attitudes The employees must feel that they are working in a positive working atmosphere and this has to be created by the employees themselves by showing competent attitudes at the workplace. The attitudes of the employees will determine that they are the perfect faces for the company to be showcased (Robertson, Jansen Birch and Cooper 2012). It is obvious that the skills in the workplace and experience are the most important assets for the employees but it cannot be denied that a proper attitude of the employees should not be ignored as well. A proper attitude by the employees is helpful for building an impressive view about the employees from the senior management and the higher authorities. An employee can be termed as a loyal employee only when he has fulfilled the rules and regulations of the company properly. It must be remembered that his attitude should not also harm the ethical guidelines of the organization. These attitudes have to be followed by the employees if he desires to be va luable employee for the organization (Robertson, Jansen Birch and Cooper 2012). Respectfulness Respect is one of the most important aspects of the employee attitude. It is always helpful for the employees to show a respectful attitude towards the senior management (Grover 2014). The interaction between the employees and the senior management should be based on respect. The employees should behave with the clients and the colleagues with proper respect. The employees who show proper respect towards their colleagues and seniors, get the same treatment from the opposite end as well. This is very helpful for the employee retention (Grover 2014). Prideful attitude The prideful attitude of the employees is sometimes good but it sheds a negative impact on the management as well. The employees who have a prideful attitude do not show that much energy in working harder for achieving the organizational goals. The prideful employees refuse to help others and gets in trouble in future for that (Sirota and Klein 2013). Commitment The employees must stay committed and loyal towards the organizations. The employees should also think in the same line as the organizational objectives. They should be able to play their job roles perfectly and match the expectations from the management (Sirota and Klein 2013). Innovation The employees who can innovate must utilize their skills in the workplace. They should apply their thoughts and implement the strategies in the organizations they are working for. They will be able to accomplish the tasks assigned to him by implementing some innovative methods (Tang, Pee and Iijima 2013). It may happen that these strategies may not be helpful in one case but in long term scenario, these will be helpful. Helpfulness The employees should always be helpful towards their colleagues. This will help them to attain a better position from the viewpoint of their colleagues. Helpful people always get special attention from the workplaces. The employees should help their clients or customers as well so that it can bear a good impression in their minds. Care for the employees by their managers The managers should always care for their employees and always motivate them in their hour of need. The talent of the employees varies and the managers should always motivate the less talented employees. The managers should always talk to the less talented workers and discuss about their weaknesses and advise ways on how to improve them (Carlton and Perloff 2015). The behavior and the attitudes of the managers decide on how the employees should look at them. Another duty of the managers is to present the image of the organization in a positive way because the new joining employees do not have a proper view about the organization. This way the employees will be feeling safe in the working environment (Carlton and Perloff 2015). The loyal and committed employees should be rewarded with their due honor. The dedicated employees should be presented with the rewards and recognitions for their dedicated work and the employee who neglect their work should be given punishment through several means (Singh and Mohanty 2012). It is the duty of the managers to communicate with the employees personally so that they can feel assured that they are valued in the organization and they are a part of it. The managers should be making a big mistake if they do not communicate with the employees personally and choose to show their attitude their attitude in front of others employees. The managers should always with utmost confidence and motivational power that will inspire the employees as well (Singh and Mohanty 2012). This will be transformed into the minds of the employees and they should feel confident about their roles in the organization. It is the managers call after all to feel to make the employees learn about new things in the organization and feel confident from within. If the motivation is not there, the employees will never feel that zeal to work with their best efforts and represent a better brand image for the organization. The managers should also make sure that their subordinate employees are completely dedicated towards their organization (Singh and Mohanty 2012). The productivity of the organizations will increase only at the time when the employees will be giving their best efforts towards it. The employees must perform their works more sincerely and then they will feel a strong and positive bonding with the organization. The performance of the employees will work as the step ladder to gain better positions in the future. The organizational commitment will be very important in that context (Singh and Mohanty 2012). Conclusion The paper can be concluded by saying that organizational commitment is an essential thing in every organization for the employees. It should be increased so that the employees should gain better lifestyle in his coming years. The challenging business environment is very critical to survive and the employees should be doing their best so that they can survive and thrive in this scenario. They must follow the guidelines of the organization properly and respect the employment conditions for a secure future. References Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management. Carlton, D.W. and Perloff, J.M., 2015.Modern industrial organization. Pearson Higher Ed. Eslami, J. and Gharakhani, D., 2012. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction.ARPN Journal of Science and Technology,2(2), pp.85-91. Ghosh, R., Reio, T.G. and Haynes, R.K., 2012. Mentoring and organizational citizenship behavior: Estimating the mediating effects of organization?based self?esteem and affective commitment.Human Resource Development Quarterly,23(1), pp.41-63. Grover, S.L., 2014. Unraveling respect in organization studies.Human Relations,67(1), pp.27-51. Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Jackson, T.A., McInnis, K.J., Maltin, E.R. and Sheppard, L., 2012. Affective, normative, and continuance commitment levels across cultures: A meta-analysis.Journal of Vocational Behavior,80(2), pp.225-245. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Robertson, I.T., Jansen Birch, A. and Cooper, C.L., 2012. Job and work attitudes, engagement and employee performance: Where does psychological well-being fit in?.Leadership Organization Development Journal,33(3), pp.224-232. Singh, R. and Mohanty, M., 2012. Impact of training practices on employee productivity: A comparative study.Interscience Management Review,2(2), pp.87-92. Sirota, D. and Klein, D., 2013.The enthusiastic employee: How companies profit by giving workers what they want. FT Press. Tang, J., Pee, L.G. and Iijima, J., 2013. Investigating the effects of business process orientation on organizational innovation performance.Information Management,50(8), pp.650-660. Wong, C.A. and Laschinger, H.K., 2013. Authentic leadership, performance, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of empowerment.Journal of advanced nursing,69(4), pp.947-959. Ycel, ?., 2012. Examining the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: An empirical study.International Journal of Business and Management,7(20), p.44.

The quiet american Essay Example For Students

The quiet american Essay The film The Quiet American takes place during the 1950s in Vietnam. The movie illustrates the atmosphere of Vietnam previous to the Vietnam War and during the French occupation of the country. The main plot of the movie revolves around three characters: Fowler played by Michael Caine, Pyle played by Brendan Fraiser, and Phoung played by Do Thi Hai Yen. For the duration of the movie the three main characters are involved in a semi love triangle. This triangle and the emotions that the male characters feel towards Phoung begin to characterize the way they feel about the country of Vietnam itself. Vietnam becomes feminized, taboo, and sexualized just as Phoung does in Pyle and Fowlers eyes. The manner in which Fowler and Pyle struggle over Phoung represents the approach that Britain and America employed in their fight to save Vietnam from communism. Pyles intentions toward Phoung, although similar in some cases to Fowlers, differ greatly at the same time. Both men view Phoung as a sort of object that needs to be saved or requires some sort of assistance in order to endure life. When Pyle falls in love with Phoung upon their first meeting, he decides that he must do whatever he can or whatever he deems necessary in order to save Phoung from a lowly existence. This is the exact same way that Pyle views Vietnam and its present condition. He wants to rescue Vietnam from what he believes to be unadulterated evil: communism. Pyle does this in any way necessary, whether it requires his support of a third party dictator or standing by and watching the massacre of countless innocent Vietnamese citizens. Pyle doesnt love Vietnam so much as he hates communism, in the same way he doesnt love Phoung so much as he does not want Fowler to have her. Fowler on the other hand walks a thin line between noninvolvement and participation within the situations at hand. Fowler believes that Vietnam should be left to make its own decisions, but at the same time he is afraid of the conseq uences of such choices. This policy of noninvolvement and noncommittal is the same way that he approaches all the situations within his life. Fowler does not want to become concerned with the circumstances occurring in Vietnam and he also does not wholeheartedly become involved in the situation between Pyle and Phoung until he is forced to do so. He essentially permits Phoung to decide whom she wants to be with until he is compelled to leave his state of neutrality when it does not seem as if he will become the winner of her heart. Yet again Fowlers feelings towards Phoung embody his feelings towards Vietnam. Fowler wanted to give Phoung a chance to make her own decisions until he becomes petrified that she will choose the stability of Pyle rather than himself. In a similar way, Fowler believed that Vietnam should be able to choose what would occur in its own future but he was afraid at the same time that they would make the wrong decision and elect a communist leader. Although Phou ngs embodiment of Vietnam is the major personification of the film, there is yet another. During the film, Phoung refers to French men and their instability as boyfriends to Vietnamese women. The women of Vietnam become disillusioned with the French suitors much as Vietnam becomes disillusioned with France and wants their occupancy of the country to come to an end. Once the Vietnamese women become disenchanted with the French men they turn to suitors from Britain and America much like Phoung turned to Pyle and Fowler. This is representative of Vietnam pitting Britain and America against one another in order to gain whatever it was that was needed at the timed, whether it was an end to French occupancy or financial and military support. You must choose a side in order to remain human, this is what Fowlers associate reminds him of towards the end of the film. This is what this movie was really about. In the end everyone had to choose which side they were going to be on. Even Fowler ha d to make a choice. By opting to fight for Phoung, Fowler also decided to fight for Vietnams right to choose. By choosing to save Phoung, Pyle chooses to save the country that he loved so dearly. When its all said and done, it does not really make a difference which side you choose as long as you choose a side. .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 , .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 .postImageUrl , .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 , .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955:hover , .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955:visited , .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955:active { border:0!important; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955:active , .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955 .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua1ce8cb0f5f58ddd0940b8da48d2d955:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pornography on the internet Essay We will write a custom essay on The quiet american specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

The eNotes Blog Hemingways Last Farewell

Hemingways Last Farewell But after I got them to leave and shut the door and turned off the light it wasnt any good. It was like saying good-by to a statue. After a while I went out and left the hospital and walked back to the hotel in the rain. Ernest Hemingway,  A Farewell to Arms, Chapter 41 So ends Ernest Hemingways 1929 novel  A Farewell to Arms, a famously simple, perfunctory line at the end of an epic tale of war and love. But it almost wasnt to be. It has become the stuff of writing lore that Hemingway admitted to writing 39 variations on the novels ending before deciding on the published version. 39 could-have-been lines that the public never got to seeuntil now, that is.   Hemingways long-time publishing house, Scribner, is releasing a new edition of  A Farewell to Arms,  complete with every possible alternate  ending the novelist imagined (there are actually a total of 47, by his grandsons careful analysis). The edition will also feature the original cover art for the book, at right, as well as the list of Hemingways other options for its title: these include Love in War, World Enough and Time, Every Night and All, Of Wounds and Other Causes, and The Enchantment. The last was crossed out by the author, but who knows how close the work could have been to being called by one of these other names. The New York Times was able to provide a sneak peek to a few of these 47 endings, each of which was numbered and named. They range from the nihilistic No. 1, The Nada Ending: â€Å"That is all there is to the story. Catherine died and you will die and I will die and that is all I can promise you.† ..to the optimistic. No. 7, The Live-Baby Ending: â€Å"There is no end except death and birth is the only beginning.† One was even suggested by Hemingways good friend F. Scott Fitzgerald, and is named after him. In this,  the author concluded that the world breaks everyone, and those it does not break it kills No. 34, The Fitzgerald Ending: â€Å"It kills the very good and very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry.† If you recognize the quote, it did in fact make its way into the published copy of the book, but earlier on, in Chapter 34. So, why the need to uncover these now, after many decades safely tucked away within the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library? Though Hemingway is still a strong seller for his publisher, they admit the need to constantly present his body of work afresh. There has also been a push to place the authors collected works further into the limelight than his formidable persona, which has appeared recently quite dramatized in the films Midnight in Paris and Hemingway and Gellhorn, as well as the bestselling novel The Paris Wife. Finally, the fact that the collection of alternate closing lines exists is a testament to a bygone way of writing, as well as to Hemingways commitment to getting the words right, as he once put it. With so many writers today composing on computers, would it be possible to uncover such a glimpse into the writing process as this? But also, is it fair that we should get to see it? Not according to Sean Hemingway, one of the authors grandsons: I think people who are interested in writing and trying to write themselves will find it interesting to look at a great work and have some insight to how it was done, he says. But he is a writer who has captured the imagination of the American public, and these editions are interesting because they really focus on his work. Ultimately that’s his lasting contribution. Others may disagree. Do you feel that the drafts should go unpublished? Or are you happier knowing how Hemingway arrived at A Farewell to Arms classic ending? Did Hemingway, in your opinion, make the right choice with the ending he selected?

Birth Control and Abortion

Other times of birth control which are a little bit more complexes are the IUD anther more percent type of birth control is getting there tubes tied. There are other things that women can do if they do become pregnant and they choose they do not want to have a child at this time in their life. There are pills they can take five days after they have sex which can be bought over the counter at any drug store, There are also abortion pills that can be taken up to your 6th week of pregnancy, and last but not least a women has the choice to terminate a pregnancy by getting an abortion. Abortion is a big issue in today’s times and it is also a topic that can make some feel one of many different types of emotions. Abortion can happen up until the 13 week of a pregnancy. Abortion is a permit solution in terminating a pregnancy it can also be damage a female in many different ways not only physically but mentally as well. Abortions are a way to terminate pregnancies but they should not be used as a type of birth control. There are many pros and cons of both situation and everyone women should look into their options Birth Control comes in many forms for both men and women. The most common for the two would be condoms and birth control pills. Women can also seek other methods like diaphragms, Depo-Provera shots, Norplant’s, Nuvarings, or even a birth control patch however; the most powerful form of birth control would be absence (Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 2007). All these methods are proven effective but may cause some side effects in some people. Birth Control Method| Common Side Effects| Depo-ProveraLess than 1 out of 100 women a year will become pregnant by taken the shot when directed. Cost: $35 – 75Injected into the arm and last for 3 months. * Irregular bleeding especially within the first year. * Change in sex drive. * Change in appetite or weight gain. * Headaches * Nausea * Sore breast| Norplant’s (Implants)Less than 1 out of 100 women a year may become pregnant. Cost: $400-800Inserted into the arm and last for 3yrs. | * Change in sex drive. * Irregular bleeding within 6 to 12 months. * Discoloring or scarri ng where the implant was placed. * Rarely, an infection in the implant location. * Sore breast * Weight gain| Birth Control PillsFew as 1 in 100 women will become pregnant in a year if they use the pill effectively. Cost: $15-50 per monthMust take pill every day at same time to be most effective. | * Bleeding between periods. * Breast tenderness. * Nausea and/or vomiting| Condoms 2 out of 100 women may still become pregnant after using a condom correctlyCost: $1 eachCan be used by men. This device also prevent against sexual transmitted diseases. Female condoms are also available. | * Most common complaint is people are allergic to the latex which condoms are made from. * Condoms do break which forms no protection. | These are just a few of the outlined cost and complications that have been associated with different forms of birth control. Although, many have a great success record absence is the only method that is truly 100% effective. However, if women and men both actively participate in using contraceptives then they may avoid STD’s (with the use of condoms), and unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. Abortion is a medical procedure for any expecting mother to elect to have about her own body. The procedure can be performed up until the mother is in her second trimester. When a child is in the first trimester they weigh on average a 1/2 ounce and estimated to be 3 inches long (Just mommies, 2003-2012). During the first trimester the child also has a heartbeat that can be heard with ultrasonic devices. When a mother reached her second trimester the child is still growing developing more specific features. By the end of the second trimester the child will have developed all major organs (Just mommies, 2003-2012). Many people consider the abortion procedure to be immoral and wrong because it involves taking the life of an unborn child who has already developing in the womb. Over 7% of women just their reason for seeking an abortion because they were a victim of rape or incest and health concerns for the mother or baby (M, 2012). Many women who opt for this procedure may find themselves suffering from guilt or depression afterwards resulting in a life altering experience. For individual who don’t want to have children they have different types of birth control that can to prevent pregnancy. Birth control can come in a pill, patch, shot, surgical, internal, or abstinence. Birth control is not only for women but men as well. Men can use condoms to help protect them from getting women pregnant as well as protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases. Men can also have a vasectomy which can cause them not to be able to produce children at all. Women have a similar procedure but it is called a tubal litigation. This prevents the woman from producing an egg and being fertilized. Each form of birth control comes with some type of side effect and it is best that the individual chooses what is comfortable for them. The side effects can vary depending on the individual and how their body adapts to the medication. Some women like to look at abortion as a type of birth control. There are different types of abortion and also different types of birth control. With abortion the different methods are used at each different point in pregnancy and may be performed different each time also. There are the first trimester abortions which can be suction aspiration or dilation and curettage also known as Damp;C. the suction aspiration is the most common surgical methods that is used in the first trimester abortions, this is when the cervix is numbed and stretched open. It allows the abortionist to suck the baby’s body out with a knife like plastic tube. During the suction the lining of the uterus may be torn away. The Damp;C methods are somewhat similar to the suction. The instrument used for this procedure is called a curette (a loop shaped steel knife) which is used to scrape the wall of the uterus. During this procedure the baby and the uterus if cut up into pieces and then sucked out. An abortion can also be performed with a chemical implantation. Abortions can take place in each stage of pregnancy and is performed in different ways according to the size of the baby and what stage you are at in your pregnancy. For the second trimester there is a procedure that is used that is similar to the Damp;C and it is called the Damp;E or dilation and evacuation. With this procedure the woman is given some type of sedative and the abortionist is dilates the women and use instruments such as forceps to pull the baby to pieces. There is also a late second and third trimester abortions. During the late second and third trimester abortions the abortionist uses instillation techniques which is injects lethal chemicals into the amniotic fluid by an amniocentesis, intra cardiac injections which stop the unborn heart or hysterectomies which are identical to a cesarean section and is intended to harm the child. These are only a few of the abortion techniques that are used but more exists. Birth control and abortions can help with decision making when it comes to having or not having children. Some individuals look at abortions and are totally against it and other may use it as a form of birth control. Women start out as teenagers using birth control to prevent early pregnancy or pregnancy at all. Both of these methods come with side effects and it should be strictly the individual’s choice to use either one.

Events Management and Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Events Management and Operations - Essay Example These are described below: Bedfordshire University The company has a choice of consuming the university place for conducting the desired event which can also be very economical for the University due to the exclusion of space rent. However, the cost associated with developing breakout rooms and other extra facilities will be rented out by the company itself which will increase the overall cost for both the university and company. The University is situated in Luton, England. Strathmore Hotel The Strathmore Hotel can be considered as an event organizing place which is very near to the University of Bedfordshire. The hotel has the availability of providing necessary equipments and space for the desired amount of audiences. However, a huge cost is associated with the rent of the space of hotel but all the necessary equipments are offered by the Hotel itself. UK Centre for Carnival Arts This location is also considered ideal for conducting an event which is situated at the opposite side of the University of Bedfordshire. However, the conference rooms and other space are to be designed accordingly by the event director. Furthermore, the equipments will be outsourced from a different company for the purpose of rent for a single day. Event Business Plan Vision The vision of the company is to create a long lasting impression in the mind of consumers about the event organized by the company. The company understands the value of retaining their customers over a longer period so they shall become potential customers. In order to make the vision successful, the company communicates the vision along with the desired preferences of audiences of event. The key stakeholders of the company are its audiences and the management people who make the event successful. The various strengths of the company involves targeting VIP’s and have relevant experience in serving them according to their needs. However, the company is very particular about using venues events because the company considers that many requirements are dependent to location of the event. The other strength of the company is their presentation which is likely to gain attention of audience. Operations The program will start with an opening ceremony which shall be performed by the chief guest appointed by the University of Bedfordshire itself. Different ideas and learning experience will be shared by professionals, which will be decided with the collaboration of University. The guests will then be transferred to 4 different breakout rooms where breakfast and tea will be served. The program will be resumed after guest entering the main conference room to discuss further involvement in event operations and hospitality. At precisely 1 pm lunch will be served to audiences to which they will again be transferred to their separate breakout rooms. The idea for developing 4 breakout rooms is that different individuals from similar related fields could join and share their ideas. For example, indus try professionals can consume an entire breakout room, whereas, academic scholars can consume the other breakout room. The lunch will be followed by another session of conferences amongst audiences sharing their experiences and ideas on

DELL - SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DELL - SWOT Analysis - Essay Example Therefore, it misses out on its Asian market share. (Aaker, 1991) Low Profit Margin: The bargaining power that the customer enjoys in this industry is high especially in case of entrance fees, prices of DVDs and other such factors. Since the main focus of Disney’s business is its low cost strategy, it does not save much of its buyer money and it makes less profits. The customer, in this kind of an industry, is needed for the success of such a company. Therefore, more often than not Disney has to cut profit margins in order to grab a larger chunk of the market. Use of Local Resources: Disney employs people locally and can thus capture the local market in a better way through increased motivation within the work space through which employees will come up with better suggestions. Strong Brand Identity: Disney already has the biggest brand following globally. When studied as a perception born in the consumer’s mind we define the concept of ‘brand’ as the sum of associations that are evoked by names or symbols. This is the first step towards the creation of the proposed integrative model as using this definition implies that one is subscribing to the brand identity angle as a base for brand equity. At the same time, the scope of this definition should not merely serve to associate with the product. It must promote an association with the organization behind Mickey Mouse, by helping the customer relate the Mickey Mouse emblem with information on Disney. This forms an important part of the brand identity process and may result in the creation of enhanced brand equity. (Aaker, 1991) Competitive Advantage: Also, it can apply Porter’s model of competitive advantage on a more global level instead of merely at the national level. This can be done along the following lines: (Porter,

Multimedia Courseware Shell Proposal Essay Example for Free

Multimedia Courseware Shell Proposal Essay A new experimental degree program, the Bachelor of Applied Business Program (BAB), was launched Spring Quarter 1994 by Continuing Education and Extension. BAB is a practitioners’ degree for the working adult student. The emphasis in the program is on learning skills and accessing information to apply to solving practical workplace problems in a rapidly changing business world. The program was developed with substantial involvement of the Inver Hills Community College, the business community in the Twin Cities area, and the University of Minnesota’s Continuing Education and Extension (CEE) unit. This is the first degree program offered by CEE, and—if successful—it will serve as a model for redefining â€Å"outreach† in the urban corridor to fulfill part of the land grant mission of the University of Minnesota. We are currently in the process of developing the course materials and selecting faculty to teach in the program for Fall Quarter 1994. Note that the three distinguishing features of the BAB program include a number of technical features, graphic elements, or applications that could be significantly enhanced by multimedia courseware: †¢ Courses are being designed with substantial involvement of area businesses to give students â€Å"hands on† experience, including leading and participating in group work; skills for managing upward and downward business relationships; storing, accessing, and retrieving information; creating and implementing budgets, operations flowcharts, schedules, and staffing plans. †¢ Learning outcomes will be specified for each course and applications-related competencies will be integrated into courses across the curriculum. These will include emphases on writing, speaking, and visual communication; using technology and information management techniques, engaging in applied problem-solving and critical thinking skills, working in teams, quality in the workplace, ethics, and the dynamics and management of a diverse workforce. †¢ Practicum/project work will also be an important aspect of the BAB curriculum and students will be encouraged to develop and maintain a portfolio of their coursework and practical experiences which can later be used as evidence of the competencies that they have developed. Our business partners stressed that the BAB upper division courses must be applied and skills-oriented, making use of interactive learning modules that model actual workplace situations. Moreover, the courses must integrate both medium and message into a fast-paced, electronically connected, multimedia learning environment that requires that students take the initiative and work on real projects with limited supervision. Project Description Under an earlier MinneMac grant the principal investigator, Elizabeth Michaels, collaborated with Deborah Henderson and Ann Douglas to create WAC (Writing Across the Curriculum), a courseware shell, for delivering instruction in writing, pharmacy, and business courses. This shell has been used extensively in the English Department since 1990, at Grace High School since 1991, and for the past two years, in five Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The major shortcomings of WAC are its lack of graphics or visual capabilities and its lack of integration with other software packages. However, if we could integrate the basic principles of text delivery that we have already developed in WAC with the capabilities of the PowerMac 7100—specifically with its AV Video, CD-ROM, and color display, we could develop a powerful multimedia component that will teach students how to manage a business â€Å"from their desktops.† Moreover, by linking to other programs, like Microsoft Projectâ„ ¢, Excelâ„ ¢, or Directorâ„ ¢, we can create a multi-functional learning tool that can be used in labs and for distance learning throughout Minnesota. The multimedia courseware shell we propose to develop will provide an innovative and easily updated method of delivering timely, practical, high quality business courses to working adults. The PowerMac 7100 which we are requesting will be used initially by the multimedia courseware development team: Elizabeth Michaels, Principal Investigator (English); Mr. Pat Lingren, Program Director (CEE); and our project consultant, William Rudel (Carlson School of Management). After the courseware has been developed and alpha tested, faculty designing the target courses will be trained in the use of the courseware shell to develop their own multimedia course modules. The project we propose, therefore, is to design an interactive, multimedia courseware shell, initially for four key courses in the curriculum. The BAB MultiMedia Courseware shell (BAB-MMC) will enable us (1) to develop multimedia case studies and (2) to create course materials which will enable students to integrate various project planning, database, spreadsheet, business graphics, and electronic mail packages with textual information in their classes. The BAB-MMC will serve two purposes: as a training tool for innovative and experimental curriculum development for BAB faculty and as a teaching/learning tool for BAB students. The following is a description of the four courses and how we will use the BAB-MMC in each of them. 1. Planning and Implementing at the Business Unit Level (4 cr.) This course focuses on creating and implementing plans such as operations flowcharts, budgets, schedules, and staffing plans at the business unit level. The BAB-MMC will integrate these flowcharts, budgets, schedules, and staffing plans as well as the presentational software for creating written and oral briefings for presenting, monitoring, and revising these plans. It will also contain strategic planning instruction and forecasting techniques. Moreover, the course will make use of multimedia case studies to give students practice in solving real logistics and planning problems. 2. Project Management in Practice (4 cr.) This course has two objectives: (1) to teach students about project management and the various tools and techniques available to the project lead in such areas as scheduling, coordinating, allocating resources, and monitoring project activities; and (2) to provide students with the opportunity to carry out a field project and put the tools of project management into practice. These projects will be carried out in teams whenever possible. The BAB-MMC will integrate into the course a number of the abovementioned project management tools which will then be used by the students in recording and reporting on their field experiences. The students will also communicate electronically with the instructor and regularly post messages to a class bulletin board as a means of communicating progress and requesting help with problems. 3. Accessing and Using Information Effectively (4 cr.) This course begins with a conceptualization of the role of information in business operations including information systems and data management. The BAB-MMC will serve as a tool for developing short case studies and exercises, which include data-based, text-based, oral, written, and multimedia elements. Students will learn to access external information for the firm through library resources, information search services, CD-ROMs, and periodicals and internal information through desktop database systems, e-mail, or computer conferencing. 4. Practicum (4 cr.) Two of the three forms the practicum could take are (1) to develop a business plan for a new venture or (2) to complete a portfolio of projects which demonstrate transferable skills from previous courses or fieldwork. The BAB-MMC will take the current course materials that we have developed for the business plan and convert them into self-study units which will integrate spreadsheet, cash flow analysis, financial analysis, and graphics packages capable of creating organizational charts and other business graphics to enhance and simplify the preparation of a complete business plan and its pro formas. The third form a practicum could take is a supervised project at the student’s workplace or at another location. For this option, the BAB-MMC will set up a course Website where the students report electronically to the instructor and other students. This will minimize the need for site visits and enable one professor to manage and respond to the individual need s of six to eight students who are enrolled in the practicum in any quarter more efficiently. Evaluation The BAB-MMC will be evaluated by the developers conducting user testing on the shell and sample modules and by instructors developing modules for their courses to determine its ease of use and effectiveness as a classroom tool. Students will be asked to evaluate the BAB-MMC as part of their regular course evaluations at the end of each quarter. We will also have two representatives of the Digital Media Center conduct an independent evaluation of the multimedia courseware shell as a teaching/learning tool. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected.

Symbolism in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- Literary Analysis

In Zora Neale Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, she utilizes an array of symbolism such as color, the store, and her husbands to solidify the overall theme of independence and individuality. Their Eyes Were Watching God is considered by many a classic American Feminist piece that emphasizes how life was for African Americans post slave era in the early 1900s. One source summarizes the story as, 1 †a woman's quest for fulfillment and liberation in a society where women are objects to be used for physical work and pleasure.† Which is why the overall theme is concurrent to independence and self. The first way the author uses symbolism to show the overall theme is with color. Numerous times in the novel Janie is wearing a different color ostentatiously depending on what is taking place. Although the message is oblique, most can find meaning behind it. Starting in the first chapter the color Blue is mentioned. â€Å" †¦ Where's dat blue satin dress she left here in?† (pg.2) This is the beginning where Janie is coming back with nothing and the towns women are gossiping about her status and appearance. Even later the author shows that she wears blue because of Tea Cake, â€Å"Wait till you see de new blue satin Tea Cake done picked out for me tuh stand up with him in.† (pg. 115) Traditionally the color blue represents 2 depth and stability. It can also symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven. From early on Hurston is indicating that Janie will be some of those traits and through out the novel the reader realizes that Janie is actually loyal, stable,wise, and confident after she is introduced to Tea Cake. The next color the author uses is white. When Janie and Jody are about to build ... ...James Robert Saunders, "Womanism as the Key to Understanding Zora Neale Hurston's `Their Eyes Were Watching God' and Alice Walker's `The Color Purple'," in The Hollins Critic, Vol. XXV, No. 4, October, 1988, pp. 1-11. Reproduced by permission. 1. c.Robert E. Hemenway, in his  Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Biography, University of Illinois Press, 1977, 371 p. 2. "Color Wheel Pro: Color Meaning." Color Wheel Pro: See Color Theory in Action! Color Wheel, 22 Jan. 2001. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. . 3. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 51: Afro-American Writers from the Harlem Renaissance to 1940. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by Trudier Harris, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The Gale Group, 1987. pp. 133-145. 4. Hurston, Zora Neal. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Harper Collins, 1937. Print.

How And Why The North Won War by 1865 Essay

Abstract My research topic for this essay is explain how and why the North won war by 1865. In this essay I will be explaining the various reasons as to why the South surrendered to the North and how it all happened. This war took place from 1861 to 1865 and is ranked as the most deadliest war in American history. The Union or Northern States won the war against the South or the Confederacy. Instead of looking at causes or consequences, in this essay I will go into the reasons as to why did the North win the Civil War. The American South, though raised in military tradition, was to be no match North in the coming Civil War. The manpower on the Union side was much larger and outnumbered the Confederate army strength. The lack of emphasis on manufacturing and commercial interest, the South surrendered to the North their ability to to fight independently. It wasn’t the Northern troops nor generals that won the Civil War, but their guns and equipment. From the very first start of the war, the Union had various advantages. â€Å"The North had large amounts of just about everything that the South did not, boasting resources that the confedaracy had even no means of attaining.† (Brinkley, 1991). The Union had large amounts of land available for growing food crops which served for providing food for its hungry soldiers and money for the growing industries. The South, on the other hand, devoted most of their land to its main cash crop: cotton. Raw materials were almost entirely concentrated in Northern mines and refining industries. Railroads and telegraph lines are what the North was surrounded by, but left the South isolated, outdated, and starving. The Confederates were willing to sell their cash crops to the North to make any sort of profit. Little did they know, â€Å"King Cotton† could buy them time, but not the war. â€Å"The South had bartered something that perhaps it had not intended: its independence.† (Catton, 1952). The North’s growing industry had a powerful dominance over the South. Between the years of 1840 and 1860, American industry was steady growing. â€Å"In 1840 the Research Paper: â€Å"Explain how and why the North won war by 1865.† 4 total value of goods manufactured in the United States stood at $483 million, increasing over fourfold by 1860 to just under $2 billion, with the North taking the king’s ransom.†(Brinkley, 1991). The hidden reason behind this dramatic growth of money is because of the American Industrial Revolution. Beginning in the early 1800s, some of the ideas of the industrial revolution began to get picked up from the American Society. One of the first industries to see quick development was the textile industry, but, thanks to the British government, this development almost never even passed. Years before this, England’s James Watt had developed the first successful steam engine. This invention completely revolutionized the British textile industry, and eventually made it the most profitable in the world (â€Å"Industrial Revolution†). The British government, were astonished with this new material but cautious, so they ended up trying to protect the nation by preventing the export of textile machinery and even the emigration of skilled mechanics. â€Å"Despite valiant attempts at deterrence, though, many immigrants managed to make their way into the United States with the advanced knowledge of English technology, and they were anxious to acquaint America with the new machine s.†(Furnas, 1969). People like Samuel Slater can  be credited with beginning the revolution of the textile industry in America. He was skilled mechanic in England, and spent long hours studying the schematics for the spinning jenny until finally he no longer needed them. â€Å"He emigrated to Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and there, together with a Quaker merchant by the name of Moses Brown, Research Paper: â€Å"Explain how and why the North won war by 1865.† 5 he built a spinning jenny from memory.† (Furnas, 1969). This would later become known as the first modern factory in America. It would also become known as when the North had the economic dominance over the South. The South could not seem to accept this after the time passed so they thought they could breakthrough somehow. Another inventor by the name of Eli Whitney set out in 1793 to revolutionize the Southern cotton industry. â€Å"Whitney was working as a tutor for a plantation owner in Georgia (he was also, ironically, born and raised in New England) and therefore knew the problems of harvesting cotton.† (Brinkley, 1991). Until then, the risky task of separating the seeds from the cotton before sale had to be done by slave labor and was not very effiecient. With that being said, Whitney developed a machine which would separate the seed from the cotton swiftly and effectively, cutting the harvesting time by more than one half. This machine, which became known as the cotton gin, had amazing results on the South, producing the highest trend the industry ever had. â€Å"In that decade alone cotton production figures increased by more than 2,000 percent. â€Å"(Randall and Donald, 1969 ). Lots business opportunities opened up, including the expansion of the Southern plantations. â€Å"This was facilitated by the fact that a single worker could now do the same amount of work in a few hours that a group of workers had once needed a whole day to do.† (Brinkley, 1991). This allowed slaves to pick much more cotton per day and this led most plantation owners to expand their land. Most of the gains from the cash crop took over the basic necessity of the food crop. â€Å"In 1791 cotton production amounted to only 4000 bales, but by 1860, production Research Paper: â€Å"Explain how and why the North won war by 1865.† 6 levels had skyrocketed to just under five million bales.† (Randall and Donald, 1969). Cotton was now bringing in about  $200 million a year, which is a very big change for the south. â€Å"King Cotton† became a fundamental motive in Southern economy. However, during this short time of economic process, the South failed to realize that it would never be fully sustained by â€Å"King Cotton† alone. What it needed was the help of â€Å"Queen Industry.† Eli Whitney knew and realized that the South would not rapidely accept change, so he decided to take his smart mind and ideas back up to the North, where it could be put to good use. He found his niche in the small arms business. A while back, during two long years of quasi-war with France, Americans had been troubled by the lack of rapidity with which sufficient armaments and equipments could be produced. Whitney came out with the invention of interchangeable parts. His vision of the perfect factory included machines that would produce, from a mold, the various parts needed to build a standard infantry rifle, and workers on an assembly line who would construct it. The North, eager to experiment and willing to try anything of economic progress, decided to test this new method of manufacture. It did not take long for the North to make Eli Whitney’s dream a reality. The small arms industry was successful. â€Å"By the onset of the Civil War, the confederate states were noting the fact that there were thirty-eight Union arms factories capable of producing a total of 5,000 infantry rifles per day, compared with their own paltry capacity of 100.† (Catton, 1952). During the mid-1800s, the Industrial Revolution dug deep into to the sides of the Northern states. â€Å"Luckily, immigration numbers were skyrocketing at this time, and the sudden profusion of factory Research Paper: â€Å"Explain how and why the North won war by 1865.† 7 positions that needed to be filled was not a big problem.† (Randall and Donald, 1969). â€Å"The immigrants, who were escaping anything from the Irish Potato Famine to British oppression, were willing to work for almost anything and withstand inhuman factory conditions.† (Jones, 1993). Although this exploitation was extremely cruel and very unfair to the immigrants, Northern businessmen profited alot from it. By the beginning of war in 1860, the North, from an economical standpoint, stood like a towering giant over the Southern society. Of the over 128,000 industrial firms in the nation at the time, the Confederacy held only 18,026. â€Å"New England alone topped the figure with over  19,000, and so did Pennsylvania 21,000 and with 23,000.†(Paludan, 1988). The total value of goods manufactured in the state of New York alone was over four times that of the entire Confederacy. The Northern states produced 96 percent of the locomotives in the country, and, as for firearms, more of them were made in one Connecticut county than in all the Southern factories combined. The Confederacy had made one mistake and that was believing that its thriving cotton industry alone would be enough to sustain itself throughout the war. Southerners didn’t see a need to go into the uncharted industrial territories when good money could be made with cotton. What they failed to realize was that the cotton boom had done more for the North than it had done for the South. Southerners could grow huge amounts of cotton, but due to the lack of mills, they couldn’t do anything with it. The cotton was sold to the Northerners who would use it in their factories to produce woolens and linens, which were in turn sold back to the South. â€Å"This cycle stimulated industrial Research Paper: â€Å"Explain how and why the North won war by 1865.† 8 growth in the Union and s tagnated it in the Confederate states.†(Catton, 1952). Southern plantation owners believed that the growing textile industries of England and France were highly dependent on their cotton, and that, in the event of war, those countries would come to their rescue. The Civil War gave an even bigger boost to the already growing factories in the North. The troops needed arms and warm clothes on a constant basis, and Northern Industry was ready to provide them. By 1862, the Union could use almost all of its own war materials using its own resources. The South, on the other hand, was in desperate need and dependent on outside resources for its war needs. â€Å"Dixie was not only lagging far behind in the factories. It had also chosen to disregard two other all-important areas in which the North had chosen to thrive: transportation and communication†¦the Railroad, the Locomotive, and the Telegraph- -iron, steam, and lightning-these three mighty genii of civilization†¦will know no lasting pause until the whole vast line of railway shall completed from the Atlantic to the Pacific.†(Furnas, 1969)  During the ante-bellum years, the North had shown a great desire for an effective mode of transportation. For a long time, canals had been used to transport people and goods across large amounts of land which were accessible by water, but, with continuing growth and expansion, these canals were becoming obstacle to many Northerners. They simply needed a way to transport freight and passengers across terrains where waterways didn’t exist. â€Å"The first glimmer of hope came as America’s first primitive locomoti ve, powered by a vertical wood-fired boiler, puffed out of Charleston Research Paper: â€Å"Explain how and why the North won war by 1865.† 9 hauling a cannon and gun crew firing salutes†(Catton, 1952). The Railroading industry became a big thing in the North, where it provided a much needed alternative to canals, but could never quite help the South. Much of this could be because Northern engineers were experienced in the field of ironworking and had no problem constructing vast amounts of rail lines, while Southerners, weren’t very experienced in that area. The Union, with its some 22,000 miles of track, was able to transport weaponry, clothes, food, soldiers, and whatever supplies were needed to almost any location in the entire theater. Overall, this greatly helped the Northern war effort and increased the morale of the troops. The South, however, was lacking on most of this. â€Å"With its meager production of only four percent of the nation’s locomotives and its scant 9,000 miles of track, the Confederacy stood in painful awareness of its inferiority.†(Randall and Donald, 1969). Another obstacle arose in the problem of track gauge. As the war kept on, the Confederate railroad system steadily deteriorated, and by the end of the struggle, it had all collapsed. Communication, was also a big problem to Southern economical growth. The telegraph had came into American life in 1844. This fresh form of communication greatly facilitated the operation of the railroad lines in the North. Telegraph lines ran along the tracks, connecting one station to the next and aiding the scheduling of the trains. The telegraph provided instant communication between distant cities, helping the nation come together like never before. Yet, the South, unimpressed by this technology and not having Research Paper: â€Å"Explain how and why the North won war by 1865.† 10 the money to experiment, chose not to go into its development. By 1860, the North had laid over 90 percent of the nation’s some 50,000 miles of telegraph wire. â€Å"Morse’s telegraph had become an ideal answer to the problems of long-distance communication, with its latest triumph of land taking shape in the form of the Pacific telegraph, which ran from New York to San Francisco and used 3,595 miles of wire† (Brinkley, 1991). The North has assuredly won over the South. Northerners, prepared to enjoy the deprivation of war, realized that they were experiencing an enormous industrial boom even after the first year of war. â€Å"Indeed, the only Northern industry that suffered from the war was the carrying trade.† (Catton, 1952). To the South, however, the war was a drain and only made them suffer even more. The South decided not to use two crops which would prove the outcome of the Civil War. Those crops were industry and progress, and without them the S outh was defeated. Refrences Angle (1967) Paul M. A Pictorial History of the Civil War Years. Garden City, New York: Doubleday Brinkley (1991) American History: A Survey. New York: McGraw Catton, Bruce (1952) The Army of the Potomac: Glory Road. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Furnas, J.C (1969) The Americans: A Social History of the United States 1587-1914. New York: Putnam Jones, Donald C. (1993) Telephone Interview Paludan, Philip Shaw. (1988) A People’s Contest. New York: Harper Randall, J.G., and David Herbert Donald. (1969) The Civil War and Reconstruction. Lexington, Massachusetts: Heath

Cloud Computing Research

The world revolves around money. Why pay more for less or why would you pay for something that you don’t need. In this research essay I will explore the Cloud Services community. I will explain what important services to have are and which type of cloud services you should have for the size of the company you are running or plan to run. The basic criteria people need to know about cloud services and what they offer is the most important. First and most importantly is the price. Others are storage space you allowed to have, reliability, features, upload speed, ease of use. These will be the premise of using to find out what service would be best for you. The first cloud provider chosen to look at is Amazon. Amazon EC2’s simple web service interface allows you to obtain and configure capacity with minimal friction. It provides you with complete control of your computing resources and lets you run on Amazon’s proven computing environment. Amazon EC2 reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server instances to minutes, allowing you to quickly scale capacity, both up and down, as your computing requirements change. Amazon EC2 changes the economics of computing by allowing you to pay only for capacity that you actually use. Amazon EC2 provides developers the tools to build failure resilient applications and isolate themselves from common failure scenarios (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud ). Next we are going to look at Google cloud service. Google offers seamless integration with current Google products is one of the best features that are being offered. There may also be the ability to connect to future Google software for movies and music. The features of other Google products are very helpful. Those would include Google Maps, Docs, Google Search and Gmail. There are lots of other products that Google has developed and released for free, but lately they have been shutting down some of those projects to focus on other areas of the business. One exciting feature of Drive is the optical character recognition technology they have added. That means that customers will be able to scan images of text and the system can convert it over to digital text. It can also be used for image recognition so that every time you search for a word in your files or on the internet, images you have uploaded will be included in those search results. The initial 5GB are free and possibly will be ad funded. Then they are offering a 25GB and 50GB plan with monthly pricing. We will update our review as soon as we know more. Though, we have heard that 1TB will cost around $49. 99 a month (The Ten best Cloud Storage). Next we are going to look at Rackspace. The Rackspace Cloud is a growing set of Cloud-related products and services billed on a utility computing basis, including web application hosting/cloud platform (â€Å"Cloud Sites†), cloud storage (â€Å"Cloud Files†), VPS/Virtual private server (â€Å"Cloud Servers†), Cloud Load Balancers, Cloud Databases, Cloud Backup, Cloud Monitoring, and more. The Rackspace Cloud was one of the first commercial cloud computing services (Rackspace Cloud). So given the basic information above we are going to find out what is best for the consumer. Are you a large Fortune 500 company or are you a startup company looking for space where you wouldn’t have to buy a server and all the necessary equipment to run an IT department. For large companies you should stick with a provider that is not going any place soon and this is Google. Google is a very large company that can offer a lot of space and resources for your company to run. If you are a smaller company and looking to keep your budget down then Rackspace would be the way to go. Now if you are the one that loves to take pictures and have them uploaded then either Google or Amazon would be the way to go for you. Whatever your case may be this will help you in determining what cloud service you may want.

Jim Morrison Biography Speech Essays

Jim Morrison Biography Speech Essays Jim Morrison Biography Speech Paper Jim Morrison Biography Speech Paper He is now part of the many ranks of amazing musicians that died young, most of whom you will recognize, such as, Elvis Presley, John Lennox, Whitney Huston and Michael Jackson, and the more prestigious 27 Club, along with Jell Hendrix and Kurt Cobalt. And most recently. Amy Whininess. I found a great affinity In this band long before I knew who Jim Morrison was, or what he had done, and once I knew this mans story, it has unlocked the poetical mysteries in his lyrical melodies, and I have an even deeper love for The Doors music. This man also introduced me to some feat poets and philosophers I would never have read, such as Nietzsche philosophies, or Armbands poetry, which fuelled Morrison thirst for knowledge at a young age. At school, Morrison excelled at the verbal arts, filling his schoolbooks with poetry and writings way above his age, and did his book reviews on weird and fantastical and old volumes, such as ones about 16th century demons in England, and other mysterious titles. After school, he drifted around, then moved to Los Angels and enrolled at UCLA but spent most of his time at Venice Beach in California, using drugs, LSI was his favorite, and partying and getting horribly drunk. He was studying film at the university, and all his practical pieces of film were over-conceptualized and post-modern, which went flying over the heads of the professors who subsequently failed him. But he retook the course much to his fathers dislike, and then later passed the course. Making films and being in cinema had never really interested Jim enough into making a career out of it, and his goal was Just to pass the easiest and most interesting course he could. So he went back to Venice Beach, his only real home he felt at that time, and slept under boardwalks and on the roof of his unknowing friends house, took loads of drugs, wrote poetry, and got really drunk lot. This was the first time he wrote his poems or songs. He would get high on LSI, and then take notes at the fantastical music concerts going on inside his head. He had drifted right into the centre of the hippie lifestyle there. One day, he met Ray Manger, an old university classmate and keyboardist in a struggling rock band. When Jim showed Ray some of his poems, and sung them out loud at his request, Ray Insisted they form a band and sing Jims poems. Ray and Jim then recruited drummer John Denser, a friend from Jims meditation class, and guitarist Robbery Krieger. At first, the four played at Rays house In his garage, whilst searching for gigs, or any chance at all to play. They got into some cheap, downtown pubs and bars, but mostly were kicked out because of loud noise or Jims suggestive gestures on stage that got the girls in the crowd excited. They got a longer set of gigs at a bar allied Whiskey a Go Go, which they kept despite getting fired by the manager at least once a week because of Jims disgusting mouth, or screaming, or his sensual gestures. Calm Ana always Eden Deescalate Walt n Milestones Gleeson Walt psychology of Greek mythology character Oedipus, who had killed his father and husbanded his mother. One night at Whiskey a Go Go, he decided to, with words of one syllable, graphically scream out repeatedly the actions of Oedipus in front of the audience. That got them fired for good this time. But now the group was a little teeter known, and they began to play at Sunset Strip nightclubs and moving on to more respectable venues to play at. The group was soon known for its wild and charismatic stage personality, and its hypnotic music, highlighted by Rays church yet eerie keyboard playing, Robbery flamenco-classical guitar, Johns Jazzy drumming and Jims deep, sensual, mysterious voice. Jim had, over time, befriended a girl who used to come watch his performances at Whiskey a Go Go, and occasionally he crashed at her place. She was working for a producing company called Elektra Records, and eventually got a contract for The Doors. They soon began working on and eventually released their first album in January 1967, titled The Doors, which immediately received universal acclaim, with Jim being the chief lyricist. Their songs ranged from ones about taking obscene amounts of drugs like Break on Through, to ones of huge personal and poetic significance like the 11-minutes one The End. The song Light My Fire became a hit for the group and projected them to no. 1 on the charts. By now, Jim had gained a public reputation for erratic and wild behavior, ND was even accused and charged for many different actions, like on December 9, 1967, Jim was arrested onstage during a concert in Connecticut for attempting to incite a riot against the police, and again in 1969, where during a concert in Miami, Jim was arrested afterwards for exposing his phallus to the audience and using profanity. When the last of his appeals for his many charges against him was denied and the possibility of Jail hanging over him, as well as his fast, stressful lifestyle, Jim decided that he was through being a rock and roll star and in 1971 he and his relined moved to Paris, where he intended to continue his literary ambitions. But, tragically life must take its toll, and on July 3, 1971, Jim Morrison was found dead in his bathtub in his apartment in Paris at the age of 27. The local police listed the cause of death as heart failure, although most assume that his heart failure drug related, and there was no autopsy. Three years later, in 1974, Jims girlfriend died in Paris from a heroin overdose. Coincidentally she too was 27 years old when she died. This is the tragic story of a hedonistic man who believed that Music is an expression f pure JOY, one who believed we are all masters of our fate and captains of our souls. But on Jim Morrison tombstone lies the words True to his destiny, and though many say he was into pure hedonism, or Just a trouble-causer, or he Just wanted to have fun and get high, I believe he expressed it truly in his own words. The most important kind of freedom is to be what you really are, and all I ever did was Just test the bounds of reality, curious to see what would happen. Thats all it ever was: Just curiosity.

Correctional Reform in the United States Assignment

Correctional Reform in the United States - Assignment Example Introduction The prison reforms carried out by the Pennsylvania Prison Society were in many ways way ahead of their time and form the foundation of a lot of modern correctional facility design, function and purpose. The first prison built as a result of the reforms initiated by this society resulted in the first facilities with individual cells for prisoners including a flush toilet in each one (even before there was a flush toilet in the White House) and the first use of the modern shower. The prison was seen not as a place of punishment but more as a place for those found guilty to perform a kind of penance for their crimes, hence the name â€Å"Penitentiary† was coined to represent a prison. These reforms did not happen by accident but were as a result of sustained pressure from right thinking members of society and became the basis of today’s correctional systems (Lynch, 2011). 1. The main group that was associated with this change was the Pennsylvania Prison Societ y, whose members came from different Christian faith that were resident in Philadelphia. The group included professionals, clergymen, merchants and other leaders in the society. They were mainlyQuakers by religion and their interest in prisons was in a large way influenced by the fact that they had endured religious persecution that frequently included imprisonment thus they had already formed an interest in prison conditions and the treatment meted out to prisoners in these establishments. 2. The reforms were desired because of the public outcry over the treatment of prisoners. In the 1700s, prison services were established with three major objectives –reforming the prisoners so they came back to being useful and viable members of society once again, prevention of further crimes by showing to all and sundry and especially the lawbreakers that crime did not pay and thirdly to protect the public and other members of society from criminals and other such offenders. However, the resources to adequately house the prisoners were never adequate. As a result, jailers who were not paid a regular salary before the reforms would extort money from the prisoners while at the same time selling them alcohol, cigarettes and making them pay for every service provided in the prisons. The prisoners ended up having to sell their clothing and pay huge bribes during their stay in the prison. Prisoners were supposed to serve hard labor along the streets of Philadelphia especially while awaiting their sentencing and the sight of them chained together, many of them nearly naked; walking the streets of the city caused a great public outcry. There were also reports of prostitution taking place in the prisons as well, under the watchful eyes of bribe-taking jailers. That, coupled with the widespread sale and consumption of alcohol in the jails resulted in a lot of violence and fights that led to injury, death and a generally low quality of life for the inmates in the city’ s jails. These are the reasons that caused the need for reform (Lynch, 2011). 3. The reforms that were initiated were largely successful. There was improvement in especially the public perception and the public attitude towards prisoners, who were seen as members of society

How successfully were the Soviet authorities able to contain Baltic Essay

How successfully were the Soviet authorities able to contain Baltic nationalism from 1945-1991 - Essay Example Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia are the three countries in the Baltic region, called Baltic States. While Lithuania got independence on 11 March 1990. Estonia and Latvia had declaration of Independence on 20th and 21 August 1991. Lithuanian population of almost 3 million people comprises around 8 percent of Russians, 6 percent of Poles and remaining are the native Lithuanians. The country was independent from the year 1918 until the soviet occupation from 1945 to 1991.(Samuolyte, 2011) After formally incorporating Baltic States into USSR during 1940, Stalin unlashed a wave of terror in these states with systematic destruction of political institutions and prosecution of military as well as cultural persons of importance. In addition, all enterprises and industries were nationalized. While Latvia and Estonia were historically against Germans, their hatred was now directed against Russians, because of above Soviet actions. However, the German occupation of Baltic States also did not meet the aspiration of locals, since Germans treated them as belonging to an inferior race. While Germans were harsher on Lithuanians, their treatment towards Estonians and Latvians was relatively milder. Hence, partisan movement was more active in Lithuania in comparison to Latvian or Estonian movements. However, Baltic States had to make a choice, during World War, for joining either the Germans or the Soviets. Although Germans organized campaigns for volunteer recruitment in Estonia and Latvia, the Red Army of USSR was able to recapture the two States during 1944, followed by capture of Lithuania in 1945. Participating in the World War, Estonia and Latvia lost almost 20 percent of their population. In addition, the Red terror also continued unabated. After the recapture of Baltic States by Soviet Union, authorities tried to collectivize the agricultural farms.

Writers Inventory Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writers Inventory Letter - Essay Example Also, I have discovered that choosing topics is not as difficult as I initially found it to be – it needs creativity in many cases. One thing that I have never quite learned is how to make transitions when introducing new ideas. The use of connectors such as â€Å"so †¦ that, although, no sooner †¦than and thought† have proved to be quite challenging. Similarly, incorporating quotes and citing other people’s works in my writing has remained a challenge – maybe because I haven’t learned how to use some punctuations marks. Although my grammar has improved, I know I have quite a lot to do still. For example many times I misspell words that look so simple. Because my grammar is still inadequate, I often lack words to use in place of others. I will try reading more literature to learn more words and how to use them. I need to learn how to keep to the topic as I write. In many occasions, I have presented irrelevant information and far exceeded or presented inadequate material. I may start writing well but somewhere along the line I go off topic. I tend to use so many words to explain even simple concepts. I hope to work on these weaknesses. I will have to practice more to stick to the topic. I also want to thank you for being so helpful to me and to the whole of our class.

Mandatory Assessment is not the Same as Mandatory Mediation, but Both Essay

Mandatory Assessment is not the Same as Mandatory Mediation, but Both Concepts Undermine the Family Mediation Process - Essay Example In family law, mandatory mediation can be defined as a situation whereby couples are instructed by a court to resolve a dispute by attending meetings with a mediator..The essence of the meetings is to help couple to reach a compromise deal on the disputed issue. Court mandated mediation is envisaged to be a facilitated negotiation by the aggrieved parties through a mediator to unravel the underlying issues and possibly reach a fair settlement. In the United Kingdom, mandatory mediation can either be categorical or discretionary. Categorical mandatory mediation refers to cases whereby statutes provide that certain cases must undergo Alternative Dispute Resolution while discretionary mediation refers to cases where the presiding judge decides the cases the should undergo mediation. On the other hand, mandatory assessment is the continuous process of gathering information from various sources to help evaluate the most appropriate strategies for achieving the well being of the child and safety. The process of mandatory assessment involves a court appointed assessor who is required to work with the concerned family to assess the conditions on the ground. The assessor can also seek information from other sources deemed necessary and after the evaluation, the final report given to the court is critical in reaching the final judgment. Although mandatory assessment and mandatory mediation are different, both are compulsory dispute resolution modes aided by a third party. The report analyzes the impacts of the mandatory assessment and mandatory mediation in the context of family law. After evaluation of these effects, it is clear that these processes undermine the family mediation process instead of helping in the dispute resolution. Particularly, these concepts go against the fundamental principal of voluntary resolution of disputes and are also counterproductive especially in issues involving domestic violence. From this perspective, these mandatory processes may actua lly introduce new complications in the justice system on top of those already caused by the traditional system. Non Voluntary Nature The principal argument against mandatory assessment and mandatory mediation is that they impinge on the right to self determination. Mediation is a voluntary decision making process and every individual has the right to self determination. Hence the term â€Å"mandatory mediation† is itself oxymoronic. Coercion into mediation leads into serious reservations concerning the mediation process itself and its outcome. It has been argued that if couples are coerced into mediation, then there is a high probability that they may be coerced within the mediation itself1. She further opines that the preceding stages to mediation are a determinant of the direction that the mediation will take. Once a couple has entered into the mandatory mediation process, there is a high expectation placed upon them to reach an agreement. According to Hayes, the heavy expe ctation to reach an agreement may alter the meaning of mediation to the aggrieved parties. In the seminal cased Halsey v. Milton Keynes., [2009] EWCA 15, [2009]2, the court decided that â€Å" to oblige truly unwilling parties to refer their disputes to mediation would be to impose an unacceptable obstruction on their right of access to courts.† This court ruling shows that indeed there is a great controversy over the implementation of mandatory mediati

Creditor and Debtor Relationship in Contract Law

Creditor and Debtor Relationship in Contract Law For an agreement to become binding, the parties must show that they supplied consideration; Currie v. Misa (1875)[1], and such consideration may exist of either in some right, interest, profit, or benefit accruing to the one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss, or responsibility given, suffered, or undertaken by the other. In simple terms, it means that each party must do or give something in return, for what is acquired from the other party. Thus, if a party wishes to sue upon an agreement, it must first show that they themselves provided some form of consideration to the other; Tweddle v Atkinson (1861)[2].   Hence, consideration is an integral component for the implementation of contracts. Pollack, provides a simpler explanation; that it is an act or forbearance of one party, or the promise thereof, is the price for which the promise of the other is bought, and the promise thus given for value is enforceable[3]. And, it is this very definition which Lord Dunedin emb raced in the House of Lords (HOL), in Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge and Co Ltd (1915)[4], a seminal case on the issue of consideration. Consequently, it begs to reason that a promise to forbear part of your consideration, as final settlement, does not make much sense in light of Mr. Pollacks definition. Yet, Sir Edward Coke, created a common law exception in Pinnels Case (1602)[5] that where a debtor promises to provide, as final settlement of the debt, a lower sum which the creditor accepts, will only be binding, provided that the creditor accrues some extra benefit, for the loss suffered. This case was affirmed by Baron Alderson in Sibree v Tripp (1846)[6], on the basis that only where the debtor is bound to do something more than what he was already bound to do, in the original contract, can his part payment be considered acceptable. These extra elements, ranged from providing the debt at an earlier date, to providing chattel instead of money and lastly, providing the debt at another location[7], then the one prescribed in the original agreement. The rule in Pinnel was later applied by the HOL in Foakes v. Beer (1 884)[8], where the court upheld the claim of the debtor for the remaining balance of the sum owed, despite, the existence of a promise by the debtor to forgo the balance. The court reiterated that a promise to forgo part of a debt owed cannot itself form enough consideration, to withhold the debtor form exercising his strict legal right. This approach was recently adopted in Re Selectmove Ltd (1995)[9], where the COA held that a reiterated promises to do the same, which you are already bound to do, can only amount to valid consideration if the other party was to receive a practical benefit. These cases opened the gates on the issue of the creditor and debtor relationship and how the law of contract gradually eased its restrictions on debtors. Slowly, yet gradually, equity came to the rescue of the debtors, thus, in the process creating exception to the principles founded in Pinnel. But for the time being where a debtor does not provide an added benefit for his part payment, and the creditor accepts the lesser sum; surely common law, as per the decision in Pinnel Foakes; would not bar the creditor from enforcing his strict legal right, post acceptance of the lesser sum. This very question was the focus of the case, Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co (1877)[10]; where the equitable doctrine of promissory estoppel came into existence; and subsequently revived, some 70 years later, in the Dicta of Lord Denning as a recognized principle of equity; Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd (1947)[11]. Hughes involved a tenant, who under contractual obligation, was obliged to keep the premises, in his possession in good repair. The landlord, served the tenant a notice 6 months prior to the termination of the lease; but nearing the end of the lease, negotiations took place between the parties and the tenant informed the landlord that they will not carry out the repair, in the meantime. By the end of the lease, the landlord, claiming that the tenant had not carried out to repair the premises, forfeited the lease. The HOL, applying the principles of equity, held that the landlords behavior implied a promise for the tenants to halt repair till the time the negotiation finished. Thus, the HOL, saw that the time of the 6 months notice ran from the date when the negotiations between the parties finished. Lord Cairns explained that the decision stood for the proposition that where parties, bound by contractual obligation, enter negotiations, their strict legal rights would be held in abeya nce[12]; thus, any party reverting to their strict legal rights would be estoppeled from doing so. This equitable principle saw new heights, in the hand of Lord Denning, often criticized for expanding the principle out of its conventional limits; in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd (1947)[13]. The claimant, a landlord, leased part of his property to the defendant; however, war broke out, thus, both parties renegotiated the contracts rent, on temporary basis, till the war lasted. However, once the war ended, the claimant, brought an action against the defendant for the balance of the payment; as agreed upon in the original lease and the reversion to the original rent for the future. Lord Denning, allowed the claimants plea that the rent should revert back to as originally negotiated between the parties, as before the war. He found that, although for the time of suspension, i.e. the time of the war; there existed no consideration for the debtor to accepted the reduced sum. But, he said that the debtor would be obliged due to the equitable principle, which sta tes that a promise intended to be binding, intended to be acted on and in fact acted on, is binding so far as its terms properly apply[14]. In fact, what Denning had done was expand the limits which Hughes had set. Hughes only talk about the suspension of rights, but in High Trees, Denning takes this a bit further, relying on equity, that once a debtor accepts part payment and the creditor relies on the promise; this act destroys the debtors right to recover the rest. Nonetheless, Lord Denning distinguished the decision in High Trees with Foakes on the grounds that a plea of estoppel needs to be specially raised, which was never done in Foakes. Irrespectively, in essence the real implication of this decision was that it was in direct contradiction with Foakes, which restricted part payment of a debt as bad consideration; Hughes, which held that estoppel could not be used to variate the terms of the contract, unless there existed some new consideration to support such variation. In reality, Lord Denning was, often criticized for his expansion of the doctrine, although which remains to be the law. Elizabeth Cooke, claims that Lord Dennings notion of promissory estoppel, single handedly, tries to abolish the debtors strict legal right to recover[15]. Secondly, Denning in High Trees, was also disliked for ignoring the rule in Jorden v. Money (1845)[16] which held that grounds for an estoppel can only be assumed for current or preceding facts, not to those facts which relate to some future conduct. Although, the decision of Jorden is subject to many exceptions; the rule in Hughes being one as well; Lord Denning maintained that High Tress could also be views as an exception to Jorden; thereby beckoning equity as to disallow a party to revert on a promise, once the other party relies on that promise. A few years after the decision in High Trees, Coombe v Coombe [1951][17] illuminated that the doctrine can only be used as a defense to a claim, not the other way around, as the basis for a claim; thus limiting its scope, in equity. However, Lord Denning, in Coombe, did reiterate the position he maintained in High Trees and said that a creditor is not allowed to enforce a debt which he has deliberately agreed to waive if the debtor has carried on business or in some other way changed his position in reliance  [18] of the creditors promise. This case illuminated the factor of reliance as a decider in case of promissory estoppel. Consequently, HOL in Tool Metal Manufacturing Co Ltd v Tungsten Electric Co Ltd (1955) acknowledged Dennings estoppel, and encouraged the view that the doctrine could establish rights, without consideration, based on reliance. The issue involved a manufacturer, who under license of a Patent, produced a certain number of goods. During the war, both parties agreed in letting go of their rights to compensation and awaited new negotiation, at the conclusion of the war. Once, the war settled, the patent owners, on breaking down of negotiations, claimed for the compensation which would have been due from the time that the war finished. The HOL held that the assurance to suspend rights was binding during the period of the war and the owners could, on giving reasonable notice to the manufacture, revert to their old legal regime. Thus, the court established that promissory estoppel merely suspends the rights of the debtor; and only, if the creditor can establish that he could not resume his p revious position; then only can, promissory estoppel suspends that right, completely. Thus, Lord Denning MR, in D C Builders v Rees (1965)[19] dismissing the appeal of the defendants stated that it is worth noticing that the principle may be applied not only so as to suspend strict legal rights but also so as to preclude the enforcement of them, thus reinforcing the idea that promissory estoppel may in certain circumstance extinguish rights all together. He added that, consequently, a creditor may only be restricted from enforcing his strict legal right where it would be inequitable for him to insist upon them[20]. Similarly, Lord Denning, expanding the purview of the doctrine, was reported in Alan Co. Ltd V El Nasr Import Co,[21] stating that the only requisite for the establishment of the doctrine was the fact that one was induced in believing that the other party would not revert back to their strict legal rights. Nonetheless, it must be noted that the HOL has still, yet to date, to give their approval on the doctrine of promissory estoppel. However, in a recent case, Collier v P MJ Wright (Holdings) Ltd [2007] [22]; Arden LJ makes a number of points, enforcing the views established by Lord Denning. She said that where a creditor settles in accepting part payment as full sum, and the debtor pay the part payment, in reliance of the creditors promise; the creditor will be estoppeled from reverting to his strict legal right. Howeve r, interestingly, vindicating the Dictas of Lord Denning in High Trees[23], she stated that because reversion by the creditor would be inequitable; such a move on his part would have the effect of extinguishing his right to the remainder of the debt. Although, it seems that part payment of a debt has became an exception to the rule of consideration, it remains to be seen what stance the HOL would take on the matter. Interestingly, Alexander Trukhtanov[24], argues that Ardens approach is flawed, as it portray the idea that the creditor must establish real reliance, before equity helps, by way of promissory estoppel. He claims that the doctrine of promissory estoppel developed as an answer to the harshness of the rule in Foakes, and the application of this equitable doctrine is not the solution; because any modification to these rules, according to him, requires the legislatures intervention. As far, as the Australian legal system is concerned; they aptly adopted promissory estoppel within their legal system; Waltons Stores v Maher[25], to the extent of recognizing detrimental reliance; where the debtors reliance on the creditors promise causes him to suffer a detriment, it obliges as enough evidence to restrict the creditor from enforcing his strict legal rights. It remains to be seen how the UK legislature views and adopts or either reject, this doctrine. Nevertheless, the legislature must remember the importance of such principles, as correctly stated in Crabb V. Arun DC (1976)[26] that equity comes in to mitigate the rigours of strict lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Practically speaking, the doctrine of promisor estoppel, is no more than a blessing for debtors, entrapped under debt to their creditor. In conclusion, it seems hard to imagine that, what started as an exception in Hughes, by the help of Lord Denning approach, became a whole new exception to the fact of consideration , and its effects on the enforceability of contracts. (2342 Words) Bibliography Books Articles Casebook on Contract Law by Jill Poole, 13th edition Textbook on Contract Law by Jill Poole, 13th edition. The Modern Law of Estoppel by Elizabeth Cooke (2000). Pollock on Contracts, 8th edition. Foakes v Beer: reform of the common law at the expense of equity By Alexander Trukhtanov, (2008) 124 LQR 364, 366-367. Cases Alan Co. Ltd V El Nasr Import Co. (1972) 2 QB 18 Central London Property Trust v High Trees House Ltd [1947] KB 130 Collier v P MJ Wright (Holdings) Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 1329 Coombe v Coombe [1951] 2 KB 215 Crabb V. Arun DC (1976) 1 Ch 179 Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153 D C Builders v Rees (1965) 2 QB 617 Foakes v Beer [1884] UKHL 1 Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co (1877) 2 App Cas 439. Jorden v. Money (1845) 5 H.L.C 185 Pinnels Case (1602) 5 Co Rep 117a Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge and Co Ltd [1915] AC 847 Selectmove Ltd, Re [1993] EWCA Civ 8 Sibree v Tripp (1846) 15 M W 23 Tweddle v Atkinson (1861) 1 B S 393 Vanbergen v St Edmund Properties [1933] 2 KB 223. Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher [1988] HCA 7 High Court of Australia [1] Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153 [2] Tweddle v Atkinson (1861) 1 B S 393 [3] Pollock on Contracts, 8th ed., p. 175. [4] Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge and Co Ltd [1915] AC 847 [5] Pinnels Case (1602) 5 Co Rep 117a [6] Sibree v Tripp (1846) 15 M W 23 [7] Vanbergen v St Edmund Properties [1933] 2 KB 223. [8] Foakes v Beer [1884] UKHL 1 [9] Selectmove Ltd, Re [1993] EWCA Civ 8 [10] Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co (1877) 2 App Cas 439. [11] Central London Property Trust v High Trees House Ltd [1947] KB 130. [12] Ibid at 10 [13] Ibid at 11 [14] Ibid [15] The Modern Law of Estoppel by Elizabeth Cooke (2000) [16] Jorden v. Money (1845) 5 H.L.C 185 [17] Coombe v Coombe [1951] 2 KB 215 [18] Ibid [19] D C Builders v Rees (1965) 2 QB 617 [20] Ibid [21] Alan Co. Ltd V El Nasr Import Co. (1972) 2 QB 18 [22] Collier v P MJ Wright (Holdings) Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 1329 [23] Ibid Para. 42 [24] Alexander Trukhtanov, Foakes v Beer: reform of the common law at the expense of equity (2008) 124 LQR 364, 366-367 [25] Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher [1988] HCA 7 High Court of Australia [26] Crabb V. Arun DC (1976) 1 Ch 179